電(dian)(dian)機綜合保(bao)護器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣符(fu)號在CAD中怎么表示(shi)?電(dian)(dian)機綜合保(bao)護器(qi)與斷路器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣圖(tu)形(xing)符(fu)號相同。
國標(biao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)件代號(hao)(hao)是F,電機綜合(he)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)不妨用FM表示與其他代號(hao)(hao)不沖突(M在國標(biao)代號(hao)(hao)里表示電機),也能有(you)特定的(de)(de)含義(yi)。不過電機綜合(he)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)主(zhu)要功能有(you)三種:短(duan)路保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、過載(zai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)和缺相保(bao)(bao)護(hu),
現在(zai)的電(dian)機(ji)綜合保(bao)(bao)護器很(hen)多已經向(xiang)智(zhi)能(neng)化方(fang)向(xiang)發展,派生出很(hen)多功能(neng),比如避免了因電(dian)機(ji)過(guo)載過(guo)熱、堵轉(zhuan)、欠壓、輕載、斷相(xiang)、三相(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡、接地等可能(neng)故障導致的電(dian)機(ji)損壞(huai)。保(bao)(bao)護器的接線每個廠(chang)家也不(bu)(bu)(bu)同,所以(yi)電(dian)氣原(yuan)理(li)圖還是根據不(bu)(bu)(bu)同廠(chang)家不(bu)(bu)(bu)同型號(hao)的電(dian)機(ji)綜合保(bao)(bao)護器原(yuan)理(li)圖繪制,
因為(wei)繪制(zhi)電氣原(yuan)理圖要涉及到電氣連接(jie)和(he)接(jie)線,以具體(ti)的裝置框(kuang)圖為(wei)好,比如像常見的直(zhi)流驅動裝置一樣(yang)繪制(zhi)。
擴展閱讀:電動機保護器的主要種類
(一)熱繼電(dian)器是(shi)五十年代初引進蘇聯技術開發的金(jin)屬片機械式電(dian)動(dong)機過(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)保(bao)護(hu)器。它在保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)動(dong)機過(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)方面具有(you)反時限(xian)性(xing)能(neng)和結構簡(jian)單的特點。但(dan)存(cun)在功能(neng)少(shao),無斷相保(bao)護(hu),對電(dian)機發生(sheng)通風不(bu)(bu)暢,掃膛、堵轉(zhuan)、長期(qi)過(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai);頻繁啟動(dong)等(deng)故障不(bu)(bu)起保(bao)護(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)。這主要是(shi)因為熱繼電(dian)器動(dong)作(zuo)曲(qu)線和電(dian)動(dong)機實際(ji)保(bao)護(hu)曲(qu)線不(bu)(bu)一致,失去了(le)保(bao)護(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)。且重復性(xing)能(neng)差(cha)(cha),大電(dian)流過(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)或短路(lu)故障后不(bu)(bu)能(neng)再次使用(yong),調整(zheng)誤差(cha)(cha)大、易受環境溫度的影響誤動(dong)或拒(ju)動(dong),功耗大、耗材(cai)多、性(xing)能(neng)指(zhi)標落后等(deng)缺陷。
(二)溫度(du)繼電器(qi)是采用(yong)雙金屬片制成的盤式或其他形(xing)式的繼電器(qi),具有(you)結(jie)構簡單、動作可靠,保護范圍廣(guang)泛等(deng)優點,但動作緩(huan)慢,返回時(shi)間長,3KW以上的三角形(xing)接法電動機不宜(yi)使(shi)用(yong)。如今(jin)在電風扇、電冰箱、空調(diao)壓縮機等(deng)方面大量使(shi)用(yong)。
溫(wen)度(du)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)與熱繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)不(bu)同。溫(wen)度(du)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)是裝在電(dian)動(dong)機內(nei)部(bu),靠溫(wen)度(du)變(bian)化時期動(dong)作(zuo)的。而熱繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)裝在動(dong)力線上,靠電(dian)流熱效應動(dong)作(zuo)的。
(三)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)式電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)器已(yi)由晶體管(guan)發展(zhan)到集成電(dian)(dian)路至(zhi)今已(yi)發展(zhan)到微(wei)處理芯(xin)片(pian)厚模電(dian)(dian)路,從功(gong)能(neng)(neng)上一般分為斷相(xiang)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)、綜合保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(多功(gong)能(neng)(neng)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu))、溫度保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)和智能(neng)(neng)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。此類保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)器具(ju)有(you)節能(neng)(neng)、動(dong)作(zuo)靈敏、精確度高(gao)、耐沖擊振動(dong),重復性好、保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)齊全、功(gong)耗(hao)小(xiao)等優點。
1.電(dian)動機(ji)保(bao)護器(qi)(電(dian)機(ji)保(bao)護器(qi))是以(yi)檢(jian)測線電(dian)流的(de)變(bian)化(包括(kuo)采取、正序、負序、零序和過(guo)流)為(wei)原則(ze),可檢(jian)測斷相或過(guo)載信號。除具有(you)斷相保(bao)護功能(neng)(neng)外,還具有(you)過(guo)負荷、堵轉保(bao)護功能(neng)(neng)。
2.智能(neng)(neng)保(bao)護(hu):集保(bao)護(hu)、遙測、通(tong)訊(xun)、遙控(kong)與一體(ti)的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)保(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi),對電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)發生斷相、過載、短路、欠壓、過壓和漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)等(deng)故障時(shi)實現(xian)保(bao)護(hu),還具有電(dian)(dian)流電(dian)(dian)壓顯示,時(shi)間控(kong)制,軟件自(zi)(zi)診斷,來電(dian)(dian)自(zi)(zi)恢復,自(zi)(zi)啟動(dong)(dong)順序,故障記憶,自(zi)(zi)瑣(suo)和遠傳報警(jing),顯示故障時(shi)的電(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)壓故障前(qian)后用(yong)代(dai)號閃(shan)爍(shuo)示警(jing),配置(zhi)RS485通(tong)訊(xun)接口(kou),實現(xian)計算機(ji)聯網(wang)。同時(shi)可監控(kong)、監測256臺電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)工(gong)作等(deng)功能(neng)(neng)。
(四)電動機保(bao)護器(qi)在國民(min)經濟和節能事(shi)業中的重要意義
電動機保護器(qi)(電機保護器(qi))是(shi)發電、供電、用(yong)電系統的(de)(de)重要器(qi)件。是(shi)跨行業(ye)、量(liang)大面廣(guang)、節能效(xiao)果顯著的(de)(de)節能機電產品。幾乎(hu)滲透到所(suo)有(you)用(yong)電領域;是(shi)工業(ye)、農(nong)業(ye)和(he)國(guo)防(fang)建(jian)設及(ji)人民生活正常生產和(he)安全工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)重要保證,在國(guo)民經濟和(he)節能事業(ye)中有(you)著不可替(ti)代的(de)(de)重要地(di)位和(he)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。
《中華人民共和(he)國節(jie)約能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)》規(gui)定:“節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)加(jia)強(qiang)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管理(li),采取技術上(shang)可(ke)行(xing)(xing)、經(jing)濟(ji)上(shang)合(he)理(li)以(yi)(yi)及環(huan)境和(he)社會(hui)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)承受的(de)措施(shi),減(jian)少從能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)生產(chan)(chan)到消費各個環(huan)節(jie)中的(de)損失和(he)浪費,更(geng)加(jia)有效、合(he)理(li)地利用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)”;“節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)展經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)一項長遠(yuan)戰略方針”。節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)程。 據(ju)不完全統(tong)計,全國運行(xing)(xing)的(de)1KW-320KW低壓電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)6000萬(wan)臺(tai),占電(dian)網(wang)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)70%以(yi)(yi)上(shang),是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)農業及商業系(xi)統(tong)中應用(yong)(yong)最為(wei)廣泛的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力設備(bei)。全國每年燒(shao)毀(hui)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)約300萬(wan)臺(tai),容量(liang)(liang)為(wei)10億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦,每年僅(jin)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)在燒(shao)毀(hui)過程中就耗(hao)電(dian)為(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)億(yi)(yi)度,修理(li)費高達數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)100億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)左右(you),造成(cheng)(cheng)停工(gong)(gong)停產(chan)(chan)損失竟(jing)達數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)100億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)。僅(jin)上(shang)述(shu)費用(yong)(yong)不算,還會(hui)造成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)機(ji)修理(li)后功率下降,耗(hao)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)大,性能(neng)(neng)(neng)變(bian)差直接影響(xiang)企業正(zheng)常生產(chan)(chan)。